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Singular measure : ウィキペディア英語版
Singular measure
In mathematics, two positive (or signed or complex) measures ''μ'' and ''ν'' defined on a measurable space (Ω, Σ) are called singular if there exist two disjoint sets ''A'' and ''B'' in Σ whose union is Ω such that ''μ'' is zero on all measurable subsets of ''B'' while ''ν'' is zero on all measurable subsets of ''A''. This is denoted by \mu \perp \nu.
A refined form of Lebesgue's decomposition theorem decomposes a singular measure into a singular continuous measure and a discrete measure. See below for examples.
==Examples on R''n''==
As a particular case, a measure defined on the Euclidean space R''n'' is called ''singular'', if it is singular in respect to the Lebesgue measure on this space. For example, the Dirac delta function is a singular measure.
Example. A discrete measure.
The Heaviside step function on the real line,
: H(x) \ \stackrel \begin 0, & x < 0; \\ 1, & x \geq 0; \end
has the Dirac delta distribution \delta_0 as its distributional derivative. This is a measure on the real line, a "point mass" at 0. However, the Dirac measure \delta_0 is not absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure \lambda, nor is \lambda absolutely continuous with respect to \delta_0: \lambda ( \ ) = 0 but \delta_0 ( \ ) = 1; if U is any open set not containing 0, then \lambda (U) > 0 but \delta_0 (U) = 0.
Example. A singular continuous measure.
The Cantor distribution has a cumulative distribution function that is continuous but not absolutely continuous, and indeed its absolutely continuous part is zero: it is singular continuous.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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